At some point, perhaps the notion of paying for email will surface again. For those of us who use email for business, a levy of .1cent would be trivial, but for a bulk mailer, it would begin to add up. Heck, I'd gladly pay a penny per mail, let alone one-tenth of a cent, if it would curtail spam. Implementation would be a bit of a challenge, but if China can block web access, can't we figure out how to block bulkmail? I reliaze that there are legitimate bulkmailers (subscriptions), but if there were a will to solve it with money, there'd be a way to do it. Ed